{"title":"Florida county impact fees for one new single-family home","description":"Covers the 32 Florida counties (of 67) Groundwork tracks; a county not listed is not covered, not fee-free. Each listed county's unincorporated impact-fee total for one detached single-family home, from the county's own published schedule (source_url), with the dates it is in force. A county with successive schedules has one row each; status is as of generated_at. Cities set their own fees; utility connection charges are not included.","generated_at":"2026-10-18T20:13:07Z","as_of":"2026-09-30","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"Attribution: Groundwork (groundworkmap.com)"},"terms":"Free to copy, share and adapt, including commercially, under CC BY 4.0: credit \"Groundwork (groundworkmap.com)\" and link the row's page_url or this file. The license covers these files only; the rest of the site and the map stay under https://groundworkmap.com/terms. Aggregates of public records, not an appraisal. Groundwork is not affiliated with any county property appraiser or government.","counties_covered":32,"status_values":{"in_force":"the schedule in force on generated_at","upcoming":"adopted, effective_date is after generated_at","ended":"superseded: a later row for the same county is in force or upcoming","ended_no_current_schedule":"ended, and Groundwork found no newer published schedule for the county: not evidence that the county charges no impact fee","no_fee_adopted":"the county has adopted no single-family impact fee (low and high 0)"},"csv_url":"https://groundworkmap.com/data/florida-impact-fees.csv","columns":["county","county_key","low_usd","high_usd","range_by","basis","effective_date","end_date","status","source_url","retrieved"],"row_count":42,"rows":[{"county":"Hillsborough County","county_key":"hillsborough","low_usd":19890.0,"high_usd":23745.0,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family ~2,000 sq ft: mobility (urban 9,183 / rural 13,038) + school 8,227 + parks 2,145 + fire 335","effective_date":"2022-10-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://hcfl.gov/businesses/permits-and-records/permit-fees/impact-fees","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Pinellas County","county_key":"pinellas","low_usd":1679.0,"high_usd":1679.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,501-2,499 sq ft: multimodal impact fee (Schedule A); the county charges no school, park, library or EMS impact fee","effective_date":"2026-06-23","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/pinellas_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIIILADECO_CH150IMFE_ARTIIMUIMFE","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Pasco County","county_key":"pasco","low_usd":22579.73,"high_usd":28364.73,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,501-2,499 sq ft: mobility (urban 7,983 / suburban 11,660 / rural 13,768) + school 10,328 + parks 3,450.15 + library 144.58 + fire 416 + rescue 258","effective_date":"2026-07-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.pascocountyfl.gov/Documents/Services/Planning%20And%20Development/Land%20Development%20Code%20Amendments/Ordinance%20No.%2026-19%20Mobility%20Fees.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Manatee County","county_key":"manatee","low_usd":34641.0,"high_usd":34641.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,701-2,200 sq ft: stated schedule total (school 8,424 + transportation 19,768 + parks 4,404 + law enforcement 986 + library 345 + public safety 419 + admin surcharge 295)","effective_date":"2026-09-09","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.mymanatee.org/media/docs/default-source/development-services-department-documents/impact-fee-documentation/impact-fee-schedule-effective-sept-9-2025.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Sarasota County","county_key":"sarasota","low_usd":12289.0,"high_usd":13591.0,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family ~2,000 sq ft: mobility (west of I-75 3,474 / east 4,776) + school 3,048 + parks 2,719 + justice 1,009 + library 683 + general government 623 + law enforcement 281 + fire 281 + EMS 171","effective_date":"2026-02-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://impactfees.scgov.net/BuildingUse","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Polk County","county_key":"polk","low_usd":17369.0,"high_usd":18027.0,"range_by":"by road district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: transportation (Districts C/B/A 3,052 / 3,640 / 3,710) + school 11,124 + parks 1,381 + law enforcement 578 + correctional 516 + fire 377 + library 188 + EMS 153","effective_date":"2026-01-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://polkcountyfl.legistar1.com/polkcountyfl/attachments/97b5bdc1-658f-4f62-a2ba-a9d194ad36b6.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Lee County","county_key":"lee","low_usd":9303.5,"high_usd":9854.75,"range_by":"by fire district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: roads 5,248 + schools 2,879 + parks 806 + EMS 60 + fire by district (310.50 North Fort Myers to 861.75 most districts)","effective_date":"2026-05-04","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.leegov.com/dcd/fees/impactfeeschedule","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Palm Beach County","county_key":"palm_beach","low_usd":15533.74,"high_usd":15917.22,"range_by":"by home size","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,400-3,599 sq ft: roads 5,597.40 + parks 1,225.26 + library 295.45 + public buildings 317.30 + schools 7,905.90 + fire rescue 393.30 + law enforcement 182.61 (2,000-3,599 sq ft figures; the low end is 1,400-1,999 sq ft)","effective_date":"2026-01-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://discover.pbc.gov/pzb/administration/ImpactFeeSchedules/2026/Unincorporated.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Orange County","county_key":"orange","low_usd":22467.94,"high_usd":26317.9,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family ~2,000 sq ft: school 9,513 + transportation (urban 9,393.94 / suburban 11,588.69 / rural 13,243.90) + parks 2,434 + law enforcement 665 + fire 462","effective_date":"2026-05-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.orangecountyfl.net/PermitsLicenses/Permits/ImpactFeesAtAGlance.aspx","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Miami-Dade County","county_key":"miami_dade","low_usd":16023.18,"high_usd":19191.86,"range_by":"by mobility and park zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family ~2,000 sq ft: mobility (context zones 2-4, 9,275-10,625) + parks (3,084.21-4,902.89 south to north) + school 2,448 + police 688.42 + fire 527.55","effective_date":"2024-12-31","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.miamidade.gov/resources/economy/zoning/documents/impact-fee-rates.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Collier County","county_key":"collier","low_usd":23763.97,"high_usd":23763.97,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family under 4,000 sq ft: roads 8,217.75 + schools 9,888.16 + regional parks 2,249.93 + gov buildings 1,043.90 + community parks 968.23 + jail 518.77 + law 411.74 + library 307.85 + EMS 157.64","effective_date":"2026-05-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.collier.gov/files/assets/county/v/1/impact-fees/new-folder-2/residential-rates-050126.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Charlotte County","county_key":"charlotte","low_usd":7519.0,"high_usd":7804.0,"range_by":"by fire district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: transportation 6,289 + community parks 312 + fire/EMS + law + jail + public buildings (regional parks and library $0); low = Englewood Fire District","effective_date":"2022-10-12","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.charlottecountyfl.gov/file/384/Duncan-IF-Master-Fee-Schedule-Modified-7.14.22-FINAL-REVISED-4.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Brevard County","county_key":"brevard","low_usd":9838.06,"high_usd":9838.06,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: transportation 4,353 + education 5,096.50 + solid waste 160 + fire/rescue 54.08 + EMS 38.65 + correctional 71.99 + library 63.84","effective_date":"2017-01-02","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.brevardfl.gov/docs/default-source/planning-development/brevard-county-residential-impact-fee-schedule.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Marion County","county_key":"marion","low_usd":9021.0,"high_usd":9021.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,501-2,499 sq ft: transportation 3,723 + schools 4,307 + fire 753 + EMS 238","effective_date":"2025-10-01","end_date":"2026-09-30","status":"ended","source_url":"https://www.marionfl.org/agencies-departments/departments-facilities-offices/growth-services/planning-zoning/impact-fees","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Marion County","county_key":"marion","low_usd":9552.0,"high_usd":9552.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,501-2,499 sq ft: transportation 4,254 + schools 4,307 + fire 753 + EMS 238","effective_date":"2026-10-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.marionfl.org/agencies-departments/departments-facilities-offices/growth-services/planning-zoning/impact-fees","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Volusia County","county_key":"volusia","low_usd":14181.48,"high_usd":14181.48,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,701-2,200 sq ft: roads 5,464 + schools 7,022.70 + fire 596.81 + EMS 69.97 + local park 384 + district/coastal park 644","effective_date":"2026-06-03","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.volusia.org/file/6204/2026-Residential.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Citrus County","county_key":"citrus","low_usd":13109.0,"high_usd":13109.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: transportation 5,193 + schools 5,298 + parks 710 + library 405 + fire 406 + EMS 77 + law 581 + public buildings 439","effective_date":"2025-10-28","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.citruscounty.gov/Documents/Departments/Growth%20Management/Land%20Development/Impact%20Fees/10.28.2025%20adopted%20fee%20schedule.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Lake County","county_key":"lake","low_usd":13667.0,"high_usd":16765.0,"range_by":"by road district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,500-2,499 sq ft: roads by benefit district (West 1,258 to South / Northeast-Wekiva 4,356) + school 11,247 + fire 536 + parks 263 + library 263 + admin 100","effective_date":"2026-01-02","end_date":"2026-09-30","status":"ended_no_current_schedule","source_url":"https://cdn.lakecountyfl.gov/media/gvrjiukg/lake-county-residential-impact-fees-01022026-09302026-w-cover.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Osceola County","county_key":"osceola","low_usd":36021.48,"high_usd":37717.86,"range_by":"by mobility area","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: mobility 20,013.76-21,710.14 by area + school 12,923 + parks 2,304.72 + fire 780","effective_date":"2025-06-20","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.osceola.org/files/assets/county/v/1/doing-business/building-amp-permits/documents/impact-and-mobility-fees-office/2025-10-01_residential-rates-2025-effective-2025.06.20-fy26.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Putnam County","county_key":"putnam","low_usd":7711.0,"high_usd":7711.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: transportation 4,927 + government buildings 1,270 + fire rescue 921 + parks 445 + law 148; no school fee","effective_date":"2025-06-10","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.putnam-fl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Impact-Fee-Ordinance.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Highlands County","county_key":"highlands","low_usd":0.0,"high_usd":0.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"No impact fees adopted (suspended since 2009)","effective_date":null,"end_date":null,"status":"no_fee_adopted","source_url":"https://highlandsfl.gov/departments/development_services/impactfees.php","retrieved":"2026-09-29"},{"county":"Martin County","county_key":"martin","low_usd":13649.39,"high_usd":13649.39,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,101-2,300 sq ft: transportation 3,519 + public buildings 547 + correctional/law enforcement 944 + fire rescue 708 + parks 1,674 + conservation/open space 170 + library 520 + school 5,567.39","effective_date":"2026-01-01","end_date":"2026-12-31","status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.martin.fl.us/resources/impact-fee-schedule-pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Martin County","county_key":"martin","low_usd":14093.39,"high_usd":14093.39,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,101-2,300 sq ft: county fees 8,526 (transportation 3,871, correctional/law enforcement 1,036, others unchanged) + school 5,567.39","effective_date":"2027-01-01","end_date":"2027-12-31","status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://www.martin.fl.us/resources/impact-fee-schedule-pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Martin County","county_key":"martin","low_usd":14535.39,"high_usd":14535.39,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,101-2,300 sq ft: county fees 8,968 (transportation 4,222, correctional/law enforcement 1,127, others unchanged) + school 5,567.39","effective_date":"2028-01-01","end_date":null,"status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://www.martin.fl.us/resources/impact-fee-schedule-pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"St. Lucie County","county_key":"st_lucie","low_usd":14082.89,"high_usd":15249.89,"range_by":"by road district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family under 2,400 sq ft: roads/multimodal (North Island 4,604 to mainland 5,771) + school 4,956 + fire/EMS 650 + law enforcement 369 + library 395.89 + parks 2,560.50 + public buildings 547.50","effective_date":"2025-10-01","end_date":"2026-09-30","status":"ended","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/st._lucie_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH24IMFE","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"St. Lucie County","county_key":"st_lucie","low_usd":14657.89,"high_usd":15970.89,"range_by":"by road district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family under 2,400 sq ft: roads/multimodal (North Island 5,179 / South Island 5,604 / Fort Pierce Island 5,989 / mainland 6,492) + school 4,956 + fire/EMS 650 + law enforcement 369 + library 395.89 + parks 2,560.50 + public buildings 547.50","effective_date":"2026-10-01","end_date":"2027-09-30","status":"in_force","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/st._lucie_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH24IMFE","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"St. Lucie County","county_key":"st_lucie","low_usd":15233.89,"high_usd":16691.89,"range_by":"by road district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family under 2,400 sq ft: roads/multimodal (North Island 5,755 / South Island 6,227 / Fort Pierce Island 6,655 / mainland 7,213) + school 4,956 + fire/EMS 650 + law enforcement 369 + library 395.89 + parks 2,560.50 + public buildings 547.50","effective_date":"2027-10-01","end_date":null,"status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/st._lucie_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH24IMFE","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Indian River County","county_key":"indian_river","low_usd":9650.0,"high_usd":9650.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,501-2,499 sq ft: transportation 6,632 + education 1,310 + parks 819 + public buildings 415 + fire/emergency services 278 + law enforcement 196 (correctional, solid waste, library $0)","effective_date":"2020-07-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/indian_river_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COORCOINRIFL_TITXIMFE_APXAIMFESC","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Broward County","county_key":"broward","low_usd":8809.0,"high_usd":11070.0,"range_by":"by bedrooms","basis":"Unincorporated (Broward Municipal Services District), detached single-family, by bedrooms: school impact fee 8,809 (3 or fewer bedrooms) to 11,070 (4+); road, transportation concurrency and park fees suspended (Ord. 2024-34); no county fire, law or library impact fee","effective_date":"2022-01-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/broward_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH5BURELAUS_ARTIXBRCOLADECO_DIV2DERERE_S5-182.9ADSCSIFA","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Seminole County","county_key":"seminole","low_usd":11703.0,"high_usd":17204.0,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,500-2,499 sq ft: mobility (Core 1,811 / Suburban 2,714 / Rural 7,312) + school 9,000 + fire/rescue 497 + library 395","effective_date":"2021-06-29","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/seminole_county/codes/land_development_code?nodeId=SECOLADECO_CH120MOFE","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Hernando County","county_key":"hernando","low_usd":12036.0,"high_usd":12036.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family (per dwelling): schools 6,135 + roads 4,354 + parks 491 + public buildings 466 + fire/EMS 320 + law enforcement 156 + library 107 + jail 7","effective_date":"2025-12-02","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://media-002-us.cdn.govstack.com/hernandocounty-us/media/e5jon4mi/impact-fee-schedule-20242025.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Sumter County","county_key":"sumter","low_usd":3332.0,"high_usd":4305.0,"range_by":"by fire district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: road 3,332 (Phase II) + fire 973 only in the fire impact area (north of the Turnpike to The Villages boundary); no school, park or library fee","effective_date":"2026-01-01","end_date":"2026-12-31","status":"in_force","source_url":"https://sumtercountyfl.gov/DocumentCenter/View/42971/Road-Impact-Fees-table","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Sumter County","county_key":"sumter","low_usd":3665.0,"high_usd":4638.0,"range_by":"by fire district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: road 3,665 (Phase III) + fire 973 only in the fire impact area","effective_date":"2027-01-01","end_date":"2027-12-31","status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://sumtercountyfl.gov/DocumentCenter/View/42971/Road-Impact-Fees-table","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Sumter County","county_key":"sumter","low_usd":3999.0,"high_usd":4972.0,"range_by":"by fire district","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family: road 3,999 (Phase IV, final) + fire 973 only in the fire impact area","effective_date":"2028-01-01","end_date":null,"status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://sumtercountyfl.gov/DocumentCenter/View/42971/Road-Impact-Fees-table","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Alachua County","county_key":"alachua","low_usd":4144.82,"high_usd":7946.82,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 2,000 sq ft: mobility (East Urban Cluster 3,246 / East outside 3,522 / West Urban Cluster 6,840 / West outside 7,048) + park 689.82 + fire 209; no school impact fee","effective_date":"2026-03-01","end_date":"2027-02-28","status":"in_force","source_url":"https://growth-management.alachuacounty.us/Building/ImpactFees","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Alachua County","county_key":"alachua","low_usd":4309.76,"high_usd":8669.76,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 2,000 sq ft: mobility (East Urban Cluster 3,246 to West outside Urban Cluster 7,606; West Urban Cluster 7,012) + park 835.76 + fire 228","effective_date":"2027-03-01","end_date":null,"status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://growth-management.alachuacounty.us/Building/ImpactFees","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Santa Rosa County","county_key":"santa_rosa","low_usd":6687.0,"high_usd":6687.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family (flat rate): road 1,687 + educational facilities (school) 5,000; no county parks, fire, library or law enforcement impact fee","effective_date":"2026-01-01","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.santarosa.fl.gov/768/Impact-Fee-Information","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"St. Johns County","county_key":"st_johns","low_usd":22490.0,"high_usd":22490.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,801-2,500 sq ft: roads 12,015 + schools 6,082 + parks 1,906 + public buildings 968 + fire 764 + law and jail 452 + conservation 303","effective_date":"2026-03-04","end_date":"2027-03-03","status":"in_force","source_url":"https://www.sjcfl.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/impact-fees-tables-phase-1-2026.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"St. Johns County","county_key":"st_johns","low_usd":24106.0,"high_usd":24106.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 1,801-2,500 sq ft: roads 13,206 + schools 6,082 + parks 2,080 + public buildings 1,076 + fire 780 + law and jail 503 + conservation 379","effective_date":"2027-03-04","end_date":"2028-03-03","status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://www.sjcfl.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/impact-fees-tables-phase-1-2026.pdf","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Nassau County","county_key":"nassau","low_usd":17713.5,"high_usd":18267.92,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 2,000-2,499 sq ft: mobility (East 7,660.90 / West 8,215.32) + school 5,430.60 + parks 1,414 + recreation 831 + administrative facilities 1,201 + fire 654 + law enforcement 522","effective_date":"2026-04-01","end_date":"2027-03-31","status":"in_force","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/nassau_county/codes/code_of_ordinances","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Nassau County","county_key":"nassau","low_usd":22285.89,"high_usd":22949.95,"range_by":"by mobility zone","basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family 2,000-2,499 sq ft: mobility (East 11,332.29 / West 11,996.35) + school 5,430.60 + parks 1,484 + recreation 956 + administrative facilities 1,441 + fire 897 + law enforcement 745","effective_date":"2027-04-01","end_date":"2028-03-31","status":"upcoming","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/nassau_county/codes/code_of_ordinances","retrieved":"2026-09-30"},{"county":"Flagler County","county_key":"flagler","low_usd":8783.0,"high_usd":8783.0,"range_by":null,"basis":"Unincorporated, detached single-family, any size: school 5,450 + roads 1,648 + fire 738 + parks 399 + library 268 + law enforcement 218 + EMS 62","effective_date":"2025-03-15","end_date":null,"status":"in_force","source_url":"https://library.municode.com/fl/flagler_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=FLCOCOOR_CH17IMFE","retrieved":"2026-09-30"}]}